Green, Solar & Wind Power

Green Generators Despite public pronouncements about the need to increase the amount of renewable energy supplies, actions by California power officials have ensured that, at least for the next few years, conventional electricity generators will be favored over renewable providers.

The gentle curves of the Spiral Solar Wind Chime will come alive with the power of the sun, chiming softly to help your day along.

Solar Panel More than a mile beneath the Imperial Valley, heat from magma boils a mixture of water, salt and minerals into a briny soup.

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Epa Greenpower Steel piping drilled into the desert floor taps this reservoir. The superheated liquid flashes into steam, spinning electric turbines that generate a small portion of the power that zips across Southern California Edison's massive transmission grid. The steam condenses into water and is injected back below the surface, allowing the cycle to start again.

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Wind Energy CalEnergy Co., owner of the Imperial Valley plant, wants to expand its operation to take advantage of higher wholesale electricity prices and a pending change in the way SCE pays its suppliers of renewable energy. Despite public pronouncements about the need to increase the amount of renewable energy supplies, actions by state power officials have ensured that, at least for the next few years, conventional electricity generators will be favored over renewable providers such as CalEnergy.

If you're planning to build a new home, you can use some of the bigger aspects of building green. used or recycled building materials, you can lessen the impact that you have. You can also choose environmentally friendly insulation like recycled newspaper or cotton. Try using as many materials as you can that are refurbished and not new. Install heating systems that are powered by solar power and electrical circuits that require wind power, for example.

Solar When California began buying power this year for insolvent SCE, a subsidiary of Edison International, and bankrupt PG&E Corp. unit Pacific Gas & Electric at the height of the energy crisis, it rejected deals offered by CalEnergy and other renewable suppliers, opting instead for long-term contracts with fossil-fuel, or nonrenewable, generators, such as Dynegy Inc. and Mirant Corp.

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Nuclear Power Moreover, after taking into account what the big utilities generate and purchase, the state bought more electricity than California's businesses and consumers are likely to use over the next three to four years, according to several energy experts and some state power officials.

Greenpower Inc In essence, the state played it safe and went with the conventional generators at the expense of the renewables despite the promise of renewable energy's being immune to the type of natural gas price fluctuations and shortages that contributed to the crisis in the first place, according to green-energy advocates.

Solar Electricity The combination of the state's actions has left renewable generators without any way to expand. Lenders won't finance new green-power ventures if the companies don't have customers lined up. And the big utilities look to have their needs covered by their own generation, existing contracts with CalEnergy and its sister green companies and the power the state has purchased.

Power Greene This turn of events comes at a time when the renewable power industry--which includes wind and solar power as well as generation from geothermal, biomass and small hydroelectric projects--was on an upswing.

Green Electric After a slump in the mid-1990s, renewable energy generation has climbed steadily in the state, topping 24,000 gigawatt-hours last year. One gigawatt-hour can power about 750,000 homes. Encouraged by that growth, the California Energy Commission wants to increase renewable energy from 12% of the state's consumption now to 17% by 2006.

Am Greenpower One favorable development for green-energy companies in the long term is expected to be a change in how they are paid, which grew out of the way Pacific Gas & Electric and SCE plan to resolve their financial problems.

Renewable Electricity Before the utilities' insolvency, payment for most renewable energy was tied to the price of natural gas, a key component of conventional electricity generation. That system was subject to huge fluctuations, depending on whether there was a shortage or surplus of natural gas, even though the fossil fuel played no role in renewable energy production.

Green Company During some periods, the renewable energy companies earned just pennies per kilowatt-hour; at other times, prices were significantly higher.

Led Greenpower Now, green-energy companies will get paid about 5.4 cents a kilowatt-hour for the next five years.

Alternative Energy Green-energy producers, which according to conservative estimates make up at least a $1-billion industry in California, prefer long-term, fixed-price contracts because they provide financial stability and can be used to finance expansion and improvements, said Kelly Lloyd, chief financial officer of Enxco Inc., a Danish company that operates a wind-energy farm near Palm Springs.

Green Products And lacking a potential electricity surplus, Lloyd said, establishment of fixed-price contracts for green energy in the fallout from the energy crisis should have been a positive development for the industry.

Green Powers "This could be a catalyst to expand," Lloyd said. "But in the near term it looks like there is no room for expansion for anyone."

Greenpower Conferences Marwan Masri, the California Energy Commission's manager of renewable energy, acknowledged similar concern. But he said some renewable ventures should be able move ahead.

Go Green "These projects can last 20 or 30 years," he said, noting that the state's power purchases will peak in the next two to three years and then decline, making room for other power providers.

Green Homes Green-Energy Firms Seek New Contract Talks

Greenpower Kempo State policy still encourages renewable energy projects, Masri said, providing about $135 million a year in various incentives. The money is raised through a 30-cent monthly fee in residential electricity bills.

Green Fuel Though the subsidies are helpful, they are of little use if the renewable companies can't find customers for their energy. That's why John White, executive director of the Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technology in Sacramento, would like the state to negotiate its way out of enough of the long-term power purchases to open the market to alternative power ventures.

Renewable Power "If there is not some renegotiation of the long-term contracts the state has signed, we fear there will be a green-energy blackout," White said.

Powered Greens Indeed, there already is something close to a green-energy blackout. About 96% of new energy generation in California through 2007 will be from natural gas-fired plants, according to the California Energy Commission.

Wd Greenpower Although Gov. Gray Davis and S. David Freeman, chairman of the state's power authority, have in the past been friendly to green power, White said it is their appointees who have thwarted industry expansion. And this is taking place as the cost of producing renewable energy is falling.

Green Living Wind power, for example, has fallen from 18 cents a kilowatt-hour in the 1980s to about 5 cents, a price competitive with other forms of electricity, said Masri of the energy commission.

Clean Electricity "Davis and Freeman talk the talk when it comes to renewable energy, but judging by the actions of the state they have not walked the walk," said Jonathan Weisgall, spokesman for MidAmerican Energy Holdings Co., the parent of CalEnergy.

Wind Turbine Documents obtained by the Los Angeles Times show that state power officials balked at signing renewable energy generators to long-term contracts at a time when they were negotiating with the traditional providers.

Greenpower Juicers In April, MidAmerican offered a 20-year contract to sell 380 megawatts of geothermal generation from the Imperial Valley for 7.5cents a kilowatt-hour. Much of the generation would have come from proposed new turbines.

Green Business MidAmerican, a subsidiary of Warren Buffett's giant holding company Berkshire Hathaway Inc., lowered the price to 6.9 cents just two weeks later to be competitive with what the state was signaling it was willing to pay conventional generators under long-term contracts.

Green Fuels MidAmerican eventually lowered the price to 6 cents and changed the lengths of the contracts and output to reduce generation by the end of 2004, near the expected peak in the state's power purchases. In each case, various state officials indicated an interest in the proposals but never followed through with a contract.

Greenpower Emc Immediate Energy Need Played Role in Rejection

Geen Power Now, the company is looking for other customers, which are likely to be smaller municipal utilities not affected by the state's power purchases.

Photovoltaic "We are in the process of trying to expand," Weisgall said. "The biggest problem is trying to find a customer."

Global Warming In passing up contracts from MidAmerican and other renewable energy producers, state officials said they were focusing on electricity they could lock down quickly to stave off an expected shortage.

Coolmax Greenpower "For what we needed at that point in time, we needed real megawatts that we could pick up and put into the system," said Pete Garris, acting deputy director for the California Department of Water Resources, the state's power-buying agency. "It wasn't like we're ignoring them or saying they're not needed."

Alternative Power An Oct. 4 memo from Department of Water Resources Director Thomas Hannigan to Freeman illustrates the problem facing the state.

Wind Electricity Hannigan said the state has only a "limited need" for new sources of power and that Southern California, which is where the MidAmerican energy would have gone, "already has excess resources."

Greenpower Hippocrates This has left the renewable energy companies pondering their next step.

Green Tags The state and some of the big generators have talked about revisiting the long-term contracts. But with California officials also accusing many of the same companies of price-gouging during the height of the energy crisis, no one is predicting the outcome of those proposed talks.

Greenline Power Another proposal would let green-energy companies supply energy to residential and small commercial customers under a new "direct access" plan.

Greenenergy Direct access, in which individuals and companies contract with independent power suppliers for electricity, was intended to be a cornerstone of deregulation. But the state abandoned direct access when energy prices spiked, forcing customers to purchase power from the utilities that serve their areas. The Legislature has rejected several efforts to reestablish direct access.

Greenpower Global White is lobbying for a plan that would allow residential and small commercial customers to purchase power directly, as long as the providers are renewable energy generators.

Carbon Neutral White said such a plan could help the state double the amount of renewable energy resources over 10 years to 20% of the state's requirements.

Akasa Greenpower But it also could add to the state's excess energy supplies by reducing demand for the power that the state has contracted to purchase. Additionally, it could slow the return of Pacific Gas & Electric and SCE to solvency. The recovery plans for both companies rely on taking the difference between their cost of producing electricity and what they can charge customers to pay off billions of dollars of debts.

Environment By Jerry Hirsch
Los Angeles Times - 11/5/2001

Topic: Energy

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